Hala Targowa [Market Hall]

Original name

Markthalle 1 am Ritterplatz [ Market Hall 1 in Ritter Square ]

Other denominations

Breslauer Markthalle Nr 1 [ Breslau Market Hall Nr. 1 ] (Breslau being the german name for Wrocław)

Original use

Commercial/market

Current use

Commercial/market

Architects

Richard Plüddemann, Heinrich Küster (Interior and Structure concept)

Concrete by reinforcement

Introduced in the 1850s by the French industrialist François Coignet.

Concrete is a relatively brittle material that is strong in compression but less so in tension.

To increase its overall strength, steel rods, wires, mesh or cables may be embedded in concrete before it sets. This reinforcement, often known as rebar, resists tensile forces. By forming a strong bond, the two materials are able to resist a variety of applied forces, effectively acting as a single structural element . Reinforced concrete

Construction method

This is the most common construction method, in which concrete is poured directly into molds or formwork at the construction site, in the final position where it will be needed as part of the structure.
In this case, the concrete can be made by mixing the components directly on site, or it may be transported from a production plant in concrete-mixer trucks.

This method has the disadvantage of leaving the concrete exposed to the elements while it is setting. Whereas, with other methods, the environmental conditions can be controlled during setting, providing greater control over the outcome, with cast-in-place concrete a series of tests and protocols are necessary to verify its final strength. Cast-in-place concrete, in-situ concrete

Architectural concrete

Concrete that will be permanently exposed to view and therefore requires special care in the selection of the materials, forming, placing and finishing to obtain the desired architectural appearance, examples include :

- textured walls
- wooden formwork finish
- stamped concrete
- exposed aggregate concrete, colored concrete, etc. Architectural concrete

Structural types

Beams are linear support elements, which are placed horizontally between vertical supports. They are designed and calculated to resist and transmit transverse loads to the elements supporting them.
Trussed beams are the cheapest solution for the execution of large spans, in other words, when there are large distances between vertical supports. In reality, this type of beam is a kind of lattice, made up of a series of shorter braces (posts and struts).

Trussed beams are usually made of steel or wood, since some of the elements of the structure will be subject to compression and others to traction. As such, it is unusual for structures of this type to be built only with concrete. Using a combination of concrete for compression and steel to absorb traction results in better structural performance. One-dimensional/ [trussed] beam, The diaphragm arch is one of the oldest and simplest structural forms in existence. Diaphragm arches were widely used, for example, in Gothic civil architecture.

A series of arches are situated parallel to one another at a distance that allows for covering them with smaller secondary structures such as beams or plates. This type of structure also calls for support elements perpendicular to the arches to avoid the “domino” effect . One-dimensional/diaphragmatic arches